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Interpretive Reports
Basin-scale responses of groundwater-resource quality to drought and recovery, San Joaquin Valley, California
Levy, Z.F., Jurgens, B.C., Faulkner, K.E., Harkness, J.S., and Fram, M.S., 2024, Hydrological Processes, 38(4), e15131
DOI: 10.1002/hyp.15131
Quality of groundwater used for domestic drinking-water supply in the Coachella Valley, 2020
Soldavini, A.L., Harkness, J.S., Levy, Z.F., and Fram, M.S., 2023, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022-1122, 6 p.
DOI: 10.3133/ofr20221122
Quality of groundwater used for domestic supply in the Modesto, Turlock, and Merced Subbasins of the San Joaquin Valley, California
Levy, Z.F., Balkan, M., and Shelton, J.L., 2023, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022-1116, 13 p.
DOI: 10.3133/ofr20221116
Quality of groundwater used for domestic drinking-water supply in the Coachella Valley, 2020
Soldavini, A.L., Harkness, J.S., Levy, Z.F., and Fram, M.S., 2023, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022-1122, 6 p.
DOI: 10.3133/ofr20221122
Modeling the dynamic penetration depth of post-1950s water in unconfined aquifers using environmental tracers
Faulkner, K.E ., Jurgens, B.C., Voss, S.A., Dupuy, D.I., and Levy, Z.F., 2023, Central Valley California. Journal of Hydrology, v. 616, article 128818
Comparing Domestic and Public-Supply Groundwater Quality in the Northern San Joaquin Valley, 2019
Bennett V, G.L., Haugen, E.A., and Levy, Z.F., 2023, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5049, 44 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20235049
Status and Understanding of Groundwater Quality in the Redding–Red Bluff Shallow Aquifer Study Unit, 2019: California GAMA Priority Basin Project
Harkness, J.S., 2023, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2022–5127, 76 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20225127
Effects of imported recharge on fluoride trends in groundwater used for public supply in California
Harkness, Jennifer S., and Jurgens, Bryant C., 2022, Science of the Total Environment, v. 830, no. 154782, 15 p.
Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the Sacramento Metropolitan Domestic-Supply Aquifer study unit, 2017—California GAMA Priority Basin Project
Bennett, George L. V, 2022, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2022–5021, 52 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20225021
Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the northern Sierra Nevada foothills domestic-supply aquifer study units, 2015–17—California GAMA Priority Basin Project
Levy, Z.F., and Fram, M.S., 2021, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5019, 120 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20215019
Identification of bacteria in groundwater used for domestic supply in the southeast San Joaquin Valley, California, 2014
Burton, C.A., and Lawrence, C.J., 2021, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021-5030, 20 p.,
DOI: 10.3133/sir20215030
Groundwater Development Leads to Decreasing Arsenic Concentrations in the San Joaquin Valley, California
Haugen, E.A., Jurgens, B.C., Arroyo-Lopez, J.A., and Bennett, G.L., 2021, Science of The Total Environment, Volume 771, 2021, 145223, ISSN 0048-9697
Effects of Montane Watershed Development on Vulnerability of Domestic Groundwater Supply During Drought
Levy, Z.F., Fram, M.S., Faulkner, K.E., Alpers, C.N., Soltero, E.M., and Taylor, K.A., 2020, Hydrology, v. 583, article 124567
Identifying Areas of Degrading and Improving Groundwater-Quality Conditions in the State of California, USA, 1974–2014
Jurgens, B.C., Fram, M.S., Rutledge, J., and Bennett, G.L., 2020, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 192, article 250
Updated Study Reporting Levels (SRLs) for Trace-Element Data Collected for the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program Priority Basin Project, October 2009–October 2018
Bennett, G.L., 2020, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020-5034, 24 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20205034
Status and Trends of Orthophosphate Concentrations in Groundwater Used for Public Supply in California
Kent, R., Johnson, T.D., and Rosen, M.R., 2020, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 192, article 550
Factors Affecting 1, 2, 3-Trichloropropane Contamination in Groundwater in California
Burow, K.R., Floyd, W.D., and Landon, M.K., 2019, Science of The Total Environment, v. 672, p. 324-334
Delineation of Spatial Extent, Depth, Thickness, and Potential Volume of Aquifers Used for Domestic and Public Water-Supply in the Central Valley, California
Voss, S.A., Jurgens, B.C., Fram, M.S., and Bennett, G.L.V., 2019, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019-5076, 34 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20195076
Determination of Study Reporting Limits for Pesticide Constituent Data for the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment Program Priority Basin Project, 2004–2018—Part 1: National Water Quality Laboratory Schedules 2003, 2032, or 2033, and 2060
Fram, M.S., and Stork, S.V., 2019, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2019-5107, 129 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20195107
Anthropogenic and Geologic Causes of Anomalously High Uranium Concentrations in Groundwater Used for Drinking Water Supply in the Southeastern San Joaquin Valley, CA
Rosen, M.R., Burow, K.R., and Fram, M.S., 2019, Journal of Hydrology, v. 577, article 124009
Quantifying Anthropogenic Contributions to Century-Scale Groundwater Salinity Changes, San Joaquin Valley, California, USA
Hansen, J.A., Jurgens, B., and Fram, M.S., 2018, Science of the Total Environment, v. 642, p. 125-136
Status and Understanding of Groundwater Quality in the Monterey-Salinas Shallow Aquifer Study Unit, 2012-13: California GAMA Priority Basin Project
Burton, C.A., and Wright, M.T., 2018, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018-5057, 132 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20185057
Variations on a Method for Evaluating Decadal-Scale Changes in the Groundwater Quality of Two GAMA Coastal Study Units 2004-14, California GAMA Priority Basin Project
Kent, R., 2018, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018-5088, 90 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20185088
Groundwater Quality in the Western San Joaquin Valley Study Unit, 2010: California GAMA Priority Basin Project
Fram, M.S., 2017, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017-5032, 130 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20175032
Status and Understanding of Groundwater Quality in the Bear Valley and Lake Arrowhead Watershed Study Unit, 2010: California GAMA Priority Basin Project
Mathany, T.M., and Burton, C.A., 2017, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017-5043, 71 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20175043
Groundwater Quality in the Yuba River and Bear River Watersheds, Sierra Nevada, California
Fram, M.S., Jasper, M., and Taylor, K.A., 2017, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017-1115, 4 p.
DOI: 10.3133/ofr20171115
Status and Understanding of Groundwater Quality in the North San Francisco Bay Shallow Aquifer Study Unit, 2012; California GAMA Priority Basin Project
Bennett, G.L.V., 2017, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017-5051, 74 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20175051
A Partial Exponential Lumped Parameter Model to Evaluate Groundwater Age Distributions and Nitrate Trends in Long-Screened Wells
Jurgens, B.C., Bohlke, J.K., Kauffman, L.J., Belitz, K., and Esser, B.K., 2016, Journal of Hydrology, v. 543, no. A, p. 109-126
Geostatistical Analysis of Tritium, Groundwater Age and Other Noble Gas Derived Parameters in California
Visser, A., Moran, J.E., Hillegonds, D.J., Singleton, M.J., Kulongoski, J.T., Belitz, K., and Esser, B.K., 2016, Water Research, v. 91, p. 314-330
Status of Groundwater Quality in the Santa Barbara Study Unit, 2011: California GAMA Priority Basin Project
Davis, T.A., and Kulongoski, J.T., 2016, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016-5112, 82 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20165112
Triennial Changes in Groundwater Quality in Aquifers Used for Public Supply in California: Utility as Indicators of Temporal Trends
Kent, R., and Landon, M.K., 2016, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 188, article 610
Metrics for Assessing the Quality of Groundwater Used for Public Supply, CA, USA: Equivalent-Population and Area
Belitz, K., Fram, M.S., and Johnson, T.D., 2015, Environmental Science and Technology, v. 49, no. 14, p. 8330-8338
Cr(VI) Occurrence and Geochemistry in Water from Public-Supply Wells in California
Izbicki, J.A., Wright, M.T., Seymour, W.A., McCleskey, R.B., Fram, M.S., Belitz, K., and Esser, B.K., 2015, Applied Geochemistry, v. 63, p. 203-217
Tectonic Activity as a Significant Source of Crustal Tetrafluoromethane Emissions to the Atmosphere: Observations in Groundwaters Along the San Andreas Fault
Deeds, D.A., Kulongoski, J.T., Muhle, J., and Weiss, R.F., 2015, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 412, p. 163-172
Status and Understanding of Groundwater Quality in the Northern Coast Ranges Study Unit, 2009: California GAMA Priority Basin Project
Mathany, T.M., and Belitz, K., 2015, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5215, 86 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20145215
Status and Understanding of Groundwater Quality in the Cascade Range and Modoc Plateau Study Unit, 2010: California GAMA Priority Basin Project
Fram, M.S., and Shelton, J.L., 2015, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5238, 131 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20145238
Geochemical Conditions and the Occurrence of Selected Trace Elements in Groundwater Basins Used for Public Drinking-Water Supply, Desert and Basin and Range Hydrogeologic Provinces, 2006-11: California GAMA Priority Basin Project
Wright, M.T., Fram, M.S., and Belitz, K., 2015, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5173, 48 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20145173
Identifying the location and population served by domestic wells in California
Johnson, T.D., and Belitz, K., 2015, Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, v. 3, p. 31-86
Assessing the Solubility Controls on Vanadium in Groundwater, Northeastern San Joaquin Valley, CA
Wright, M.T., Stollenwerk, K.G., and Belitz, K., 2014, Applied Geochemistry, v. 48, no. 0, p. 42-53
Status and Understanding of Groundwater Quality in the Klamath Mountains Study Unit, 2010: California GAMA Priority Basin Project
Bennett, G.L., V, Fram, M.S., and Belitz, K., 2014, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5065, 58 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20145065
Status of Groundwater Quality in the Borrego Valley, Central Desert, and Low-Use Basins of the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts Study Unit, 2008–2010: California GAMA Priority Basin Project
Parsons, M.C., Hancock, T.C., Kulongoski, J.T., and Belitz, K., 2014, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5001, 88 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20145001
Status and Understanding of Groundwater Quality in the South Coast Interior Groundwater Basins, 2008: California GAMA Priority Basin Project
Parsons, M.C., Kulongoski, J.T., and Belitz, K., 2014, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5023, 68 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20145023
Updated Study Reporting Levels (SRLs) for Trace-Element Data Collected for the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Priority Basin Project, October 2009–March 2013
Davis, T.A., Olsen, L.D., Fram, M.S., and Belitz, K., 2014, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5105, 52 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20145105
Hydrothermal Contamination of Public Supply Wells in Napa and Sonoma Valleys, California
Forrest, M.J., Kulongoski, J.T., Edwards, M.S., Farrar, C.D., Belitz, K., and Norris, R.D., 2013, Applied Geochemistry, v. 33, p. 25-41
Status and Understanding of Groundwater Quality in the South Coast Range–Coastal Study Unit, 2008: California GAMA Priority Basin Project
Burton, C.A., Land, M.T., and Belitz, K., 2013, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5053, 86 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20135053
Trends in Concentrations of Nitrate and Total Dissolved Solids in Public Supply Wells of the Bunker Hill, Lytle, Rialto, and Colton Groundwater Subbasins, San Bernardino County, California: Influence of Legacy Land Use
Kent, R.H., and Landon, M.K., 2013, Science of The Total Environment, v. 452-453, p. 125-136
Statistical Evaluation of Variables Affecting Occurrence of Hydrocarbons in Aquifers Used for Public Supply, California
Landon, M.K., Burton, C.A., Davis, T.A., Belitz, K., and Johnson, T.D., 2013, Journal of the American Water Resources Association, p. 1-17
DOI: 10.1111/jawr.12129
Status and Understanding of Groundwater Quality in the San Francisco Bay Groundwater Basins, 2007: California GAMA Priority Basin Project
Parsons, M.C., Kulongoski, J.T., and Belitz, K., 2013, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5248, 76 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20125248
Volatile Fluxes through the Big Bend Section of the San Andreas Fault, California: Helium and Carbon-Dioxide Systematics
Kulongoski, J.T., Hilton, D.R., Barry, P.H., Bradley, K.E., Hillegonds, D.J., and Belitz, K., 2012, Chemical Geology, v. 339, p. 92-103
Status and Understanding of Groundwater Quality in the Tahoe-Martis, Central Sierra, and Southern Sierra Study Units, 2006–2007: California GAMA Priority Basin Project
Fram, M.S., and Belitz, K., 2012, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5216, 222 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20115216
Status and Understanding of Groundwater Quality in the Two Southern San Joaquin Valley Study Units, 2005–2006: California GAMA Priority Basin Project
Burton, C.A., Shelton, J.L., and Belitz, K., 2012, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5218, 150 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20115218
Geogenic Sources of Benzene in Aquifers used for Public Supply, California
Landon, M.K., and Belitz, K., 2012, Environmental Science & Technology, v. 46, no. 16, p. 8689-8697
DOI: 10.1021/es302024c
Assessing California Groundwater Susceptibility Using Trace Concentrations of Halogenated Volatile Organic Compounds
Deeds, D.A., Kulongoski, J.T., and Belitz, K., 2012, Environmental Science and Technology, v. 46, no. 24, p. 13128-13135
DOI: 10.1021/es303546b
Status of Groundwater Quality in the San Fernando–San Gabriel Study Unit, 2005: California GAMA Priority Basin Project
Land, M.T., Kulongoski, J.T., and Belitz, K., 2012, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5206, 66 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20115206
Status of Groundwater Quality in the California Desert Region, 2006–2008: California GAMA Priority Basin Project
Dawson, B.J.M., and Belitz, K., 2012, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5040, 110 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20125040
Status of Groundwater Quality in the Coastal Los Angeles Basin, 2006: California GAMA Priority Basin Project
Goldrath, D.A., Fram, M.S., Land, M.T., and Belitz, K., 2012, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5048, 64 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20125048
Status of Groundwater Quality in the Upper Santa Ana Watershed, November 2006–March 2007: California GAMA Priority Basin Project
Kent, R.H., and Belitz, K., 2012, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5052, 88 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20125052
Status and Understanding of Groundwater Quality in the Madera-Chowchilla Study Unit, 2008: California GAMA Priority Basin Project
Shelton, J.L., Fram, M.S., Belitz, K., and Jurgens, B.C., 2012, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5094, 86 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20125094
Evaluation of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Blank Data and Application of Study Reporting Levels to Groundwater Data Collected for the California GAMA Priority Basin Project, May 2004 through September 2010
Fram, M.S., Olsen, L.D., and Belitz, K., 2012, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5139, 94 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20125139
Relations of Hydrogeologic Factors, Groundwater Reduction-Oxidation Conditions, and Temporal and Spatial Distributions of Nitrate, Central-Eastside San Joaquin Valley, California, USA
Landon, M.K., Green, C.T., Belitz, K., Singleton, M.J., and Esser, B.K., 2011, Hydrogeology Journal, v. 19, no. 6, p. 1203-1224
Status and Understanding of Groundwater Quality in the Santa Clara River Valley, 2007: California GAMA Priority Basin Project
Burton, C.A., Montrella, J., Landon, M.K., and Belitz, K., 2011, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5052, 67 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20115052
Status and Understanding of Groundwater Quality in the Monterey Bay and Salinas Valley Basins, 2005: California GAMA Priority Basin Project
Kulongoski, J.T., Belitz, K., Landon, M.K., and Farrar, C.D., 2011, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5058, 60 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20115058
Status and Understanding of Groundwater Quality in the San Diego Drainages Hydrogeologic Province, 2004: California GAMA Priority Basin Project
Wright, M.T., and Belitz, K., 2011, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5154, 71 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20115154
Occurrence and Concentrations of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Groundwater Used for Public Drinking-Water Supply in California
Fram, M.S., and Belitz, K., 2011, Science of The Total Environment, v. 409, no. 18, p. 3409-3417
Probability of Detecting Perchlorate Under Natural Conditions in Deep Groundwater in California and the Southwestern United States
Fram, M.S., and Belitz, K., 2011, Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 4, p. 1271-1277
DOI: 10.1021/es103103p
Distribution of reduction-oxidation conditions and changes in nitrate concentrations over time in groundwater, Central-Eastside San Joaquin Valley, California
Landon, M.K., Green, C.T., Belitz, K., Singleton, M.J., and Esser, B.K., 2011, Hydrogeology Journal, v. 19, p. 1203-1224
Status and Understanding of Groundwater Quality in the Central–Eastside San Joaquin Basin, 2006: California GAMA Priority Basin Project
Landon, M.K., Belitz, K., Jurgens, B.C., Kulongoski, J.T., and Johnson, T.D., 2010, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5266, 97 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20095266
Status and Understanding of Groundwater Quality in the North San Francisco Bay Groundwater Basins, 2004: California GAMA Priority Basin Project
Kulongoski, J.T., Belitz, K., Landon, M.K., and Farrar, C.D., 2010, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5089, 65 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20105089
Status and Understanding of Groundwater Quality in the Northern San Joaquin Basin, 2005: California GAMA Priority Basin Project
Bennett, G.L., V, Fram, M.S., Belitz, K., and Jurgens, B.C., 2010, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5175, 67 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20105175
Effects of Groundwater Development on Uranium: Central Valley, California, USA
Jurgens, B.C., Fram, M.S., Belitz, K., Burow, K.R., and Landon, M.K., 2010, Ground Water, v. 48, no. 6, p. 913-928
Review of Trace-Element Field-Blank Data Collected for the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program, May 2004–January 2008
Olsen, L.D., Fram, M.S., and Belitz, K., 2010, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5220, 47 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20095220
Status of Groundwater Quality in the Southern, Middle, and Northern Sacramento Valley Study Units, 2005–08: California GAMA Priority Basin Project
Bennett, G.L., V, Fram, M.S., Belitz, K., and Jurgens, B.C., 2010, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5002, 119 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20115002
Estimation of Aquifer Scale Proportion Using Equal Area Grids: Assessment of Regional Scale Groundwater Quality
Belitz, K., Jurgens, B., Landon, M.K., Fram, M.S., and Johnson, T., 2010, Water Resources Research, v. 46, no. W11550
DOI: 10.1029/2010WR009321
Factors Controlling the Regional Distribution of Vanadium in California Groundwater
Wright, M.T., and Belitz, K., 2010, Groundwater, v. 48, no. 4, p. 515-525
Assigning Land Use to Supply Wells for the Statistical Characterization of Regional Groundwater Quality: Correlating Urban Land Use and VOC Occurrence
Johnson, T.D., and Belitz, K., 2009, Journal of Hydrology, v. 370, no. 1-4, p. 100-108
Evaluation of volatile organic compounds in two Mojave Desert basins--Mojave River and Antelope Valley--in San Bernardino, Los Angeles, and Kern Counties, June-October 2002
Densmore-Judy, J.N., Belitz, K., Wright, M.T., Dawson, B.J.M., Johnson, T.D., and Hudson, G.B., 2005, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5248, 51 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20045248
Assessing the susceptibility to contamination of two aquifer systems used for public water supply in the Modesto and Fresno metropolitan areas, California, 2001 and 2002
Wright, M.T., Belitz, Kenneth, and Johnson, Tyler, 2004, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004–5149, 35 p.
DOI: 10.3133/sir20045149
Framework for a Ground-Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment Program for California
Belitz, K., Dubrovsky, N.M., Burow, K.R., Jurgens, B.C., and Johnson, T.D., 2003, U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 03-4166, 78 p.
DOI: 10.3133/wri034166